What is application software?

  • The type of software prepared for the use of consumer to do specific jobs is called application software. 
    • Application software is classified into two types. They are: 
      • Packaged software 
      • Tailored software 
  • What is packaged software?
    • Those software which are generalized set of programs that is used to deal with a particular application is packaged software. Examples: Producing bill or pay roll, documents, reports, Microsoft office package, Adobe Photoshop etc. 
  • What is tailored software?
    • Those software specially designed to solve a specific job or task are tailored software. Examples: result processing, printing certificates, etc.

What is a Joystick?

 
  • Joystick is a device used to move the cursor on the screen. It is mostly used in computer or video games. 
  • A joystick is a cursor control device used in computer games.

What are the two major fields of computer?

  • The two major fields of computer are hardware and software. 
    • Hardware: The mechanical, electrical and electronic parts of computer such as main machine, monitor, keyboard, etc. are called computer hardware. In other words, the components of computer which we can feel and touch are called as computer hardware. 
    • Software: The series of instructions in the form of programs written and run on a computer is called as computer software.

What is a scanner?

  • It is a device developed to electronically store printed data. 
  • A scanner or optical scanner is a hardware input device for a computer. Scanners allow a user to take a printed picture or document and convert it into a digital file, allowing a computer to read or display the file

What is Electronic Data Storage (EDS)?

  • In mainframe and mini computers, the hard disks are usually exchangeable and therefore, these exchangeable disks are the storage media, which is called as Electronic Data Storage (EDS).

What is plotter?

  • A plotter is a computer printer for printing vector graphics. A plotter gives a hard copy of the output. It draws pictures on a paper using a pen. Plotters are used to print designs of ships and machines, plans for buildings and so on.
  • In the past, plotters were used in applications such as computer-aided design, though they have generally been replaced with wide-format conventional printers.

What is bar code?

  • Bar codes are data recorded on small strips which are read optically or magnetically. 
  • A bar code is the small image of lines (bars) and spaces that is affixed to retail store items, identification cards, and postal mail to identify a particular product number, person, or location. 
  • The code uses a sequence of vertical bars and spaces to represent numbers and other symbols.

What is non-impact printer?

  • The printer that uses thermal, electrostatic chemical and inkjet technologies to print is called non-impact printer. 
  • A type of printer that does not operate by striking a head against a ribbon. 
  • Examples: laser and ink-jet printers. 
  • The term non impact is important primarily in that it distinguishes quiet printers from noisy (impact) printers.

What is impact printer?

  • The printer that operates like a type-writer, pressing a type face against page and inked ribbon for printing is Impact printer. 
  • Impact printer refers to a class of printers that work by banging a head or needle against an ink ribbon to make a mark on the paper. 
    • Examples: Dot-matrix printers, daisy-wheel printers, and line printers. 
  • Impact printers tend to be considerably noisier than non impact printers but are useful for multipart forms such as invoices.

What is OCP?

  • OCP stands for Order Code Processor. It is one of the associate unit of mainframe computer which carry out the detail analysis of data processing, instruction and transmission as well.

What is terminal?

  • Terminal is combined I/O device, which allows to and from communication with a computer, if possible remote from the computer. A terminal is also called as workstation.
  • Terminal is a term used to describe a group of hardware devices that commonly consists of a keyboard and a monitor that enables a user to communicate with the internal CPU or another network device or computer.

What is line printer?

  •  A high-speed printer capable of printing an entire line at one time is line printer.
  • These types of printers are too fast to be measured in words or characters per minute, and instead are measured in lines per minute. For example, a line printer may be capable of printing over 3,000 lines of type per minute.

What is computer peripheral?

  • The devices, which are attached to the main computer machine are called as computer peripherals. 
  • A peripheral device is defined as a computer device, such as a keyboard or printer, that is not part of the essential computer (i.e., the memory and microprocessor). These auxiliary devices are intended to be connected to the computer and used.
  • Peripheral devices can be external or internal.
    • Examples of external peripherals include mouse, keyboard, printer, monitor, external Zip drive or scanner.
    • Examples of internal peripherals include CD-ROM drive, CD-R drive or internal modem.
  • Today's new devices, such as tablets, smartphones and wearable computing devices are considered peripherals as they can be connected and used on a computer system. 
  • The difference, however, is that these devices can run independently of the computer system.

What is COM system?

  • COM stands for Computer Output to Microfilm system. It reduces the problem of idleness of CPU during printing, by reducing the role of a printer by replacing paper output document with microfilm).
  • A COM system comprises of computer that produces the original documents or images and a recording machine that develops the microfilm.

How to download videos from website?

  • Videos are good contents on website that is used to explain something clearly. And some website contains just songs, videos. If users want to download videos from the website, there is need of some downloading software. But it will be easy method having extension on browser that can download video. 
  • Among many tools, flashvideo downloader is one. It allows videos to be downloaded on different formats and sizes.
  • Youtube downloader also helps to download.
  • There are other such helping tools.

What is a CD-ROM?

 
  • CD-ROM stands for Compact Disc Read Only Memory. It is an optical ROM, which enables prerecorded data to be read. A laser beam is used to read from CD. 
  • CD-ROM disk is a rigid plastic disk covered with a layer of reflecting material such as aluminium. It stores a large amount of data through the use of laser optics technology and are popular for storing databases and multimedia materials. The most common format of CD-ROM holds approximately 650 megabyte of data.

What are the advantages of hard disk?

Advantages of hard disk.
  • Hard disk is very reliable. 
  • It has more storage capacity in comparison with other storage devices.
  • It is cheaper than other storage devices.

What is hard disk?

 
  • Hard disk is one of the main storage media that is fixed in the computer cabinet. It is being sealed to prevent contamination by dust and moisture. It can have a large storage capacity. Hard disk is also called as Winchester disk.

Which unit of the computer has no moving part?

  • The unit of computer that has no moving part is the CPU.

What is mass storage?

 
  • Millions of data or characters stored in a small place of storage media are termed as mass storage.

What is a cache?

  • A high speed memory is placed in between central processing unit (CPU) and the main memory to operate at the speed of CPU, which is termed as cache memory. 
  • Pronounced cash, a special high-speed storage mechanism. Cache can be either a reserved section of main memory or an independent high-speed storage device. 

Differences between primary memory and secondary memory.


Primary Memory Secondary Memory
  • Primary memory stores the programs to be executed, holds the input data that is to be processed and the intermediate results of any calculation when the processing is being done.
  • secondary memory is used for mass storage or data, information and programs.
  • Data or information in primary memory are temporary.
  • data or information stored in a secondary memory are stored permanently
  • The capacity of primary memory is lesser than secondary memory.
  • the capacity of secondary memory is more than primary memory.
  • Primary memory is faster than secondary memory.
  • Secondary memory is slower in comparison with primary memory.
  • Primary is costly than secondary memory.
  • Secondary memory is cheaper than primary memory.

What is firmware?

  • Firmware is a program stored in ROM that maintains its contents when power is removed.
  • Firmware is program or data that is stored on a computer or other hardware device's read-only memory (ROM) that provides instruction on how that device should operate. 
  • Unlike normal software, firmware cannot be changed or deleted by an end-user without the aid of special programs and remains on that device whether or not it's on or off.

What is mean by ‘Backing Up’ in computer?

  • The process of storing data permanently using secondary storage devices is termed as ‘Backing Up’ in computer.

What is ROM?

  • ROM stands for Read Only Memory. It is one of the computer’s main memory devices. It contains vital operational programs. It is permanent in nature and is also called non-volatile memory. If the contents of the ROM is lost (using some special technique), the computer cannot work.
  • There are various kinds of ROM. PROM, EPROM, EEPROM are some types of ROM.
    • PROM – It is a programmable memory and is programmed by a machine called PROM burner where the programming is done only once. After it, the contents cannot be erased.
    • EPROM – It is erasable by exposing it to a high intensity ultraviolet light. Once programmed, all the contents are to be erased if it is to be reprogrammed.
    • EEPROM – It is electrically erasable. Specific contents can be erased by special technique.

What is RAM?

  • RAM stands for Random Access Memory. It is one of the computer’s main memory devices. The contents of RAM are lost when computer’s power is turn off. It is temporary in nature and is also called volatile memory.

What is secondary memory?

  • The storage location on the computer which is used to store data or programs permanently for current and future uses is termed as secondary memory.

What is primary memory?

  • Primary memory or storage is the internal memory residing in the computer. When data are fed to the computer through the input devices, it is first placed in the primary memory unit and remains there until it is called by control unit. 
  • There are two main categories of primary memory. They are RAM and ROM.

What is computer memory?

 
  • Computer memory is the name for any parts of computer that is used to store data temporarily or permanently.

What are the components of CPU?

  • The components of CPU are: 
    • Control Unit: It controls and co-ordinate the overall functioning of the other units of the computer. It controls the flow of data between them during processing taking the instructions stored in the primary storage unit. 
    • Arithmetic Logic Unit: It contains two units:
      1. Arithmetic unit that performs all the mathematical operations, like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division.
      2. Logic unit that performs all the logical operations like testing a value to see if is true or false, and comparative analysis consist of comparisons like less than, greater than, equal to or not etc. 
    • Memory - These are special, high-speed storage area within the Central processing unit. The data must be represented in the memory before it can be processed e.g. if two numbers are to be multiplied, both numbers must be in the memory, and the result is also placed in the memory register. This is very fast memory and being on the CPU chip it is close to the ALU. Its purpose it to prevent delays in programs or data arriving from main memory. 

What are the limitations of computers?

  • Limitations of computers: 
    • Computer is one of the most powerful tools ever developed. I has many useful applications however, it does possess some limitations.
    1. Computers cannot think since they do not have a brain of their own. 
    2. Computers cannot change the steps while performing tasks.
    3. Computers cannot memorize as long as they are not given the instructions to store in the secondary storage. 
    4. Computers cannot correct input data.
    5. Need of proper environment.
    6. Need of special language. 
    7. Lack of decision making power - Computer cannot take its own decision. It needs specific instructions to operate. Computers can do only what is designed or programmed to do. It cannot interpret the data it generates and implement any decision that it suggests.
    8. Zero IQ - Computer is a dumb machine. It possess no intelligence of its own. its intelligence quotient is zero. 
    9. No Heuristics - Heuristics means learning from past experiences. Computer has no heuristics power. If a computer commits an error once and a similar situation occurs again, it will commit the same error again. It cannot learn from its past experiences.

    What is Megahertz?

    • Megahertz is the measurement of clock speed of the computer. One million cycles per second is called Megahertz.

    What is a dialog box?

    • A dialog box is the temporary window or box that is used to communicate with the user by showing different messages and options provided by word commands.

    What is IT?

    • IT – Information Technology is the new technology which includes fast processing capabilities of information and transmitting them from one part of the world to the other. And study of different communication devices, used of them, etc has become IT education.

    What are the measuring units of computer?

    • The measuring units of computer are BIT, Nibble, Byte, and Word. 
      • BIT – BIT is the smallest unit of information in computer. It refers to the two binary digits i.e. 0 and 1 called as BITS, Which is an abbreviation for BInary digiT. 
      • Nibble – It is a group of four bits in computer. 
      • Byte – It is a group of eight binary digits or bits. One bye can store one character.
      • Word – It is the combination of two or more bytes.
    • Related:
      • What is bit?
      • What is nibble?
      • What is byte?
      • What is word?

      Technical Term (IT Zone) - Page 54

      Q1: Global network that runs on TCP/IP.
        Q2: A type of network architecture that doesn’t specify a server and client.
          Q3: The law which protects intellectual properties, stop computer crime.

            Q4: It is the computer errors caused due to incorrect input data programs.

              Q5: A program that can translate assembly language into machine code.

                Technical Term (IT Zone) - Page 53

                Q1: The sharpness of the image on the monitor screen determined by the number of pixels that make up the image.
                  Q2: Computer virus that affects user’s document created in office applications.
                    Q3: Technology that makes teaching learning easier in a classroom.

                      Q4: A device that regulate voltage.

                        Q5: System software that can manage the resources of network.

                          Technical Term (IT Zone) - Page 52

                          Q1: A device used in network with multiple port.
                            Q2: Cable lines or path through which data flows in a specified path.
                              Q3: The internal interference produced by adjacent pair of twisted pair cables.

                                Q4: The process of transferring a file from remote computer to the requesting computer.

                                  Q5: The tool that is used to maintain performance and error free file management.

                                    Technical Term (IT Zone) - Page 51

                                    Q1: The process of converting coded data into its original data.
                                      Q2: An integration of audio, video, graphics and text.
                                        Q3: The artificial environment created by computer technology.

                                          Q4: A hardware or software that connects two dissimilar networks.

                                            Q5: A device that converts analog signals to digital and vice-versa.

                                              Technical Term (IT Zone) - Page 50

                                              Q1: A technology which store text, sound, graphics and other information as digital data.
                                                Q2: Face-to-face interaction among participating users.
                                                  Q3: Moving text or image.

                                                    Q4: A software that can cause malfunction in normal functioning of a computer.

                                                      Q5: An error caused by missing comma, type mismatching etc.

                                                        Technical Term (IT Zone) - Page 49

                                                        Q1: A person who breaks and used password of other computer and file illegally.
                                                          Q2: A simulation of movement created by displaying a series of images and text with special effects.
                                                            Q3: An artificial environment created with computer hardware and software.

                                                              Q4: A hardware device that provides common wiring point in LAN.

                                                                Q5: The bulletin board service or public message group service of internet.

                                                                  Technical Term (IT Zone) - Page 48

                                                                  Q1: A type of virus that pretends to be a normal useful program.
                                                                    Q2: Number of bits that can be transferred per second over a given transmission medium.
                                                                      Q3: The process of restoring encrypted data to its original form.

                                                                        Q4: A formula used to generate digital signatures.

                                                                          Q5: Laws related to the internet and cyberspace.

                                                                            Technical Term (IT Zone) - Page 47

                                                                            Q1: A device with a rechargeable battery used for giving the power backup to computer system in the absence of electricity.
                                                                              Q2: A program that controls the function of the hardware device.
                                                                                Q3: A device that connects multiple networks that use the same protocol.

                                                                                  Q4: The scattering of the parts of the same file over different location in the disk.

                                                                                    Q5: The process of encoding information in such a way that it is unreadable to all unless it is restored to original form.

                                                                                      Technical Term (IT Zone) - Page 46

                                                                                      Q1: A world wide network of networks.
                                                                                        Q2: Protocol used by e-mail client to download e-mails from e-mail server.
                                                                                          Q3: The secret word that provides software security for the computer users.

                                                                                            Q4: The process of rearranging files and blank spaces on disk.

                                                                                              Q5: Keeping the copy of important file and software which can be used if the original one will be damaged.

                                                                                                Technical Term (IT Zone) - Page 45

                                                                                                Q1: A device that converts digital signal to analog and vice-versa.
                                                                                                  Q2: The concentric circles that is divided on the surface of the floppy disk.
                                                                                                    Q3: Compiler, interpreter and assembler are commonly called .....

                                                                                                      Q4: A topology in which all the nodes are connected in a single communication line.

                                                                                                        Q5: It is a small high speed memory located between main memory and microprocessor.

                                                                                                          Technical Term (IT Zone) - Page 44

                                                                                                          Q1: It is volatile memory of computer.
                                                                                                            Q2: The process of detecting and removing errors in the computer programs.
                                                                                                              Q3: A collection of related information.

                                                                                                                Q4: A pathway or connection where the electronic impulses travel along within the microprocessor and system unit.

                                                                                                                  Q5: The legal issued adopted by the government to minimize the computer crime.

                                                                                                                    Technical Term (IT Zone) - Page 43

                                                                                                                    Q1: An organization offering access to some or all the services available on the internet.
                                                                                                                      Q2: A device which provides continuous power to the computer equipment.
                                                                                                                        Q3: A device with multiple ports that allow network devices to be connected together.

                                                                                                                          Q4: A worldwide discussion group in which people share information and ideas on a particular area of interest.

                                                                                                                            Q5: A computer program designed to infect executable program files having extension .exe, .com, or . dll.

                                                                                                                              Technical Term (IT Zone) - Page 42

                                                                                                                              Q1: Moral rules to be followed by computer and other professional.
                                                                                                                                Q2: Rules and format to accept and transfer data in computer network.
                                                                                                                                  Q3: Making an extra copy of data and software.

                                                                                                                                    Q4: Buying and selling products and services online.

                                                                                                                                      Q5: Group of computers that can share resource.

                                                                                                                                        Technical Term (IT Zone) - Page 41

                                                                                                                                        Q1: A program that can replicates itself without user's knowledge or permission.
                                                                                                                                          Q2: Protocol used to connect computer on internet.
                                                                                                                                            Q3: A block of data at the end an electronic message that attests the authenticity of the message.

                                                                                                                                              Q4: The device used to connect dissimilar network.

                                                                                                                                                Q5: A set of rules by which computers communicate with each other over a network.

                                                                                                                                                  Technical Term (IT Zone) - Page 40

                                                                                                                                                  Q1: The combination of multiple media such as text, images, videos, animation and audio.
                                                                                                                                                    Q2: A set of rules by which computers communicate with each other over a network.
                                                                                                                                                      Q3: A web service which contains answers to the questions commonly asked by many users.

                                                                                                                                                        Q4: The method of consolidating fragmented files on the computer's hard disk.

                                                                                                                                                          Q5: A device that amplifies the incoming signals, creates a new copy of it and transmits the signals on the network.

                                                                                                                                                            Technical Term (MS-Access) - Page 12

                                                                                                                                                            Q1: The process of arranging all the records in a table either ascending or descending order based on field or fields.
                                                                                                                                                              Q2: An information specialist who has responsibility for the database related with database planning, implementation, operation and security.
                                                                                                                                                                Q3: The software or program that stores database in the form multiple tables on the basis of a key field and allow the users to view or retrieve records from the multiple linked tables continuously at a time.

                                                                                                                                                                  Q4: Alternate name for field name.

                                                                                                                                                                    Q5: It is also called compound key.

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                                                                                                                                                                      Technical Term (MS-Access) - Page 11

                                                                                                                                                                      Q1: A set of rules that attempts to keep a database complete and without loose ends.
                                                                                                                                                                        Q2: The field property allows a user to set the maximum number of characters that can be stored in a field.
                                                                                                                                                                          Q3: A record row in database.

                                                                                                                                                                            Q4: A type of database object that is primarily used to create an interface for entering data in a table or multiple linked tables.

                                                                                                                                                                              Q5: A feature of a field that determines the kind of data that can be stored in the field and each field can store data relating of only a single data type.

                                                                                                                                                                                Technical Term (MS-Access) - Page 10

                                                                                                                                                                                Q1: The logical linkage between two or more than two tables with the help of unique key field.
                                                                                                                                                                                  Q2: Enables the user to limit values that can be accepted into a field.
                                                                                                                                                                                    Q3: A collection of multiple related field, which may give complete information about a rows and columns.

                                                                                                                                                                                      Q4: A collection of records or group of records consisting of number of rows and columns.

                                                                                                                                                                                        Q5: The query that retrieves data from one or more tables and displayed the result in a datasheet.

                                                                                                                                                                                          Technical Term (MS-Access) - Page 9

                                                                                                                                                                                          Q1: It keeps the data in organized form and helps faster retrieval of data.
                                                                                                                                                                                            Q2: A set of information stored about a particular entity.
                                                                                                                                                                                              Q3: The smallest unit of database.

                                                                                                                                                                                                Q4: A field that uniquely identifies each record in the database table.

                                                                                                                                                                                                  Q5: The accuracy and consistency of data stored in a database.

                                                                                                                                                                                                    Technical Term (MS-Access) - Page 8

                                                                                                                                                                                                    Q1: The title of the column that holds a specific type of data.
                                                                                                                                                                                                      Q2: A filed containing the same value for almost of every record.
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Q3: The value automatically enters for new record.

                                                                                                                                                                                                          Q4: The process of examining the data that has been entered against conditions that is provided.

                                                                                                                                                                                                            Q5: The intersection of rows and columns.

                                                                                                                                                                                                              Technical Term (MS-Access) - Page 7

                                                                                                                                                                                                              Q1: The view which provides a row and column view of the data in tables in which you can enter, edit, insert and delete records.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                Q2: The field property that allows a user to specify the maximum number of characters that can be stored in a field.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Q3: It specifies the message to be displayed to the user when the data enter in the field is not matched to the validation rule.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Q4: The field in a relational table that matches the primary key column of another table.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Q5: The field property that specifies the value that is automatically entered in a field when a new record is added.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Technical Term (MS-Access) - Page 6

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Q1: An expression that limits the range of allowable values in the field.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Q2: The field property that used to specify the appearance of the value when displayed.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Q3: An object of database that is used to view, retrieve, change and analyze records from a table or multiple linked tables based on specified condition.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Q4: It is the process which makes the tables as efficient and compact as possible to eliminate the possibility of inconsistencies, duplicate and error.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Q5: The field property that determines what data can be entered in the field, how the data looks, and the format in which it is stored.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Technical Term (MS-Access) - Page 5

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Q1: It allows a user to specify the appearance of the value when displayed.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Q2: Graphical interface for data entry.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Q3: Error caused when grammar associated with language is not followed.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Q4: The field property speeds up searching and sorting of records based on a field.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Q5: The form which provides very quick, generic forms that contains all the field in a single table.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Technical Term (MS-Access) - Page 4

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Q1: An error caused by missing comma, type mismatching etc.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Q2: A small built-in program which lets us to create table, form, and reports automatically.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Q3: The field property specifies whether data must be entered in a field or not.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Q4: The field property control and limit the values that can be accepted into a field.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Q5: The field property that enables a user to set a descriptive label for the field.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Technical Term (MS-Access) - Page 3

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Q1: A column of a table which stores a particular type of data.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Q2: The collection of multiple related fields in a row is known as record that gives complete information about a person or thing.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Q3: The distinguishable objects of real world.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Q4: It specifies how the field will be displayed.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Q5: The process of viewing required record of a table that matches the specified criteria.

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