theinfozones blog: December 2015

What is MP3? - IT

MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 Audio Layer III, more commonly referred to as MP3, is an audio coding format for digital audio which uses a form of lossy data compression. It is a common audio format for consumer audio streaming or storage.
The use of lossy compression is designed to greatly reduce the amount of data required to represent the audio recording and still sound like a faithful reproduction of the original uncompressed audio for most listeners.

What is OLE? - IT

Object Linking and Embedding, OLE) pronounced as separate letters or as oh-leh.
OLE is a compound document standard developed by Microsoft Corporation. It enables you to create objects with one application and then link or embed them in a second application.
Embedded objects retain their original format and links to the application that created them.

What is OSI?

The Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model) is a conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes the communication functions of a telecommunication or computing system without regard to their underlying internal structure and technology. Its goal is the interoperability of diverse communication systems with standard protocols.

What is ISO?

ISO Full Form represents the International Organization for Standardization.
ISO is a non-government and non-profit Organization.It is the largest organization in the world that develops voluntary International Standards for services and products. ISO was founded in the year 1947.

What is TPF? - IT

TPF delivers fast, high-volume, high-throughput transaction processing, handling large, continuous loads of essentially simple transactions across large, geographically dispersed networks.
The world's largest TPF-based systems are easily capable of processing tens of thousands of transactions per second. TPF is also designed for highly reliable, continuous (24×7) operation. It is not uncommon for TPF customers to have continuous online availability of a decade or more, even with system and software upgrades. This is due in part to the multi-mainframe operating capability and environment.

What is VRML?

VRML - Virtual Reality Modeling Language, pronounced vermal or by its initials, originally - before 1995, known as the Virtual Reality Markup Language, is a standard file format for representing 3-dimensional (3D) interactive vector graphics, designed particularly with the World Wide Web in mind. It has been superseded by X3D.

To Count Number of Vowels (SUB Procedure). (Qbasic Code)

To enter a string and count total number of vowels (using SUB Procedure). (Qbasic Code)

DECLARE SUB vowel(w$)
CLS
INPUT "Enter any word"; w$
CALL vowel(w$)
END

SUB vowel (w$)
w$ = LCASE$(w$)
FOR i = 1 TO LEN(w$)
    c$ = MID$(w$, i, 1)
    IF c$ = "a" OR c$ = "e" OR c$ = "i" OR c$ = "o" OR c$ = "u" THEN
        n = n + 1
    END IF
NEXT i
PRINT "The number of vowels ="; n
END SUB

To Count Vowels (Function Procedure) - Qbasic Code

To Count Vowels (Using Function Procedure) - Qbasic Code

DECLARE FUNCTION vowel(w$)
CLS
INPUT "Enter any word"; w$
PRINT "The number of vowels is"; vowel(w$)
END

FUNCTION vowel (w$)
w$ = LCASE$(w$)
FOR i = 1 TO LEN(w$)
    c$ = MID$(w$, i, 1)
    IF c$ = "a" OR c$ = "e" OR c$ = "i" OR c$ = "o" OR c$ = "u" THEN
        n = n + 1
    END IF
NEXT i
vowel = n
END FUNCTION

To print input string in alternate capital letters using FUNCTION procedure.

To print input string in alternate capital letters using FUNCTION procedure. (if user inputs 'COMPUTER' then the output should be 'CoMpUtEr') (QBasic Code)

DECLARE FUNCTION alternate$(a$)
CLS
INPUT "Enter string:"; a$
PRINT "The required alternate is: "; alternate$(a$)
END

FUNCTION alternate$ (a$)
FOR i = 1 TO LEN(a$)
    b$ = MID$(a$, i, 1)
    IF i MOD 2 = 0 THEN
        b$ = LCASE$(b$)
    ELSE
        b$ = UCASE$(b$)
    END IF
    alt$ = alt$ + b$
NEXT i
alternate$ = alt$
'PRINT "The required alternate is: "; alt$
END FUNCTION

See Also

Using SUB Procedure

To print input string in alternate capital letters (SUB procedure) (Qbasic Code)

To print input string in alternate capital letters using SUB procedure. (if user inputs 'COMPUTER' then the output should be 'CoMpUtEr') (QBasic Code)

DECLARE SUB alternate (a$)
CLS
INPUT "Enter string:"; a$
CALL alternate (a$)
END

SUB alternate (a$)
FOR i = 1 TO LEN (a$)
    b$ = MID$ (a$, i, 1)
    IF i MOD 2 = 0 THEN
        b$ = LCASE$ (b$)
    ELSE
        b$ = UCASE$ (b$)
    END IF
    alt$ = alt$ + b$
NEXT i
PRINT "The required alternate is: "; alt$
END SUB

See Also

Using Function Procedure

To print input string in alternate capital letters. (Qbasic Code)

To print input string in alternate capital letters. (if user inputs 'COMPUTER' or 'computer' then the output should be 'CoMpUtEr') (Qbasic Code)

CLS
INPUT "Enter string:"; a$
FOR i = 1 TO LEN(a$)
    b$ = MID$(a$, i, 1)
    IF i MOD 2 = 0 THEN
        b$ = LCASE$(b$)
    ELSE
        b$ = UCASE$(b$)
    END IF
    alt$ = alt$ + b$
NEXT i
PRINT "The required alternate is: "; alt$
END

See Also

Difference between DATE$ statement and DATE$ function

What is the difference between DATE$ statement and DATE$ function?

The DATE$ statement sets the computer's data and the DATE$ function returns the computer's current date.

What is SIM statement? Why is DIM used after defining types of variables?

What is SIM statement?

DIM is a declaration statement that names or defines the variables and allocates storage for them.

Why is DIM used after defining types of variables?

DIM is used after defining types of variables because it is a declaration statement that names or defines the variables and allocates storage for them.

To find area of rectangle (using FUNCTION procedure) (Qbasic Code)

To find the area of rectangle (using FUNCTION procedure) (Qbasic Code)
DECLARE SUB FUNCTION (l,b)
CLS
INPUT "Enter the lenght of rectangle"; l
INPUT "Enter the breadth of rectangle"; b
PRINT "The area of rectangle is"; area(l, b)
END

FUNCTION area (l, b)
a = l * b
area = a
END FUNCTION

To find the area of rectangle (using SUB procedure) (Qbasic Code)

To find the area of rectangle (using SUB procedure) (Qbasic Code)
DECLARE SUB area(l,b)
CLS
INPUT "Enter the lenght of rectangle"; l
INPUT "Enter the breadth of rectangle"; b
CALL area(l, b)
END

SUB area (l, b)
a = l * b
PRINT "The area of rectangle is"; a
END SUB

See Also
Using FUNCTION Procedure (View)

To find out the area of rectangle. (Qbasic Code)

CLS
INPUT "Enter the lenght of rectangle"; l
INPUT "Enter the breadth of rectangle"; b
a = l * b
PRINT "The area of rectangle is"; a
END

See Also
Using SUB Procedure (View)
Using FUNCTION Procedure (View)

What are the differences between compiler and interpreter?

Differences between compiler and interpreter

Compiler		Interpreter
Compiler takes entire program as input.		Interpreter takes single instruction as input.
Errors are displayed only after entire program is checked. (if found errors)		Errors are displayed for every instruction in interpreted. (if found errors)
Program need not be compiled every time.		Every time higher level program is converted into lower level program.
Memory requirement is more since object code is generated.		Memory requirement is less.
Intermediate object code is generated.		No intermediate code is generated.
Conditional control statements are execute faster.		Conditional control statements are execute slower.
Example: C compiler		Example: BASIC, QBasic

What are differences between source code and object code?

Differences between source code and object code

Source Code		Object Code
Source code is in the form of text.		Object code is in the form of binary numbers.
Source code is human readable.		Object code is in machine readable.
Source code is generated by human.		Object code is generated by language processor.
Source code is input given to language processor.		Object code is input given to language processor.

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